Aeroplane.



J. W. L. HARRELL 6L J. BAILEY.

ABROPLANB.

APPLIGATIOH' HLSD `JULY so, 1909.

Y Patented Feb.7,1911.

B SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. W. L. HARRELL & fJ. BAILEY.

AEBOPLANR 'APPLIUATION FILED JULY 30, 1909.

`Patelfmli Feb. 7, 1911.

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J. W. L. HARRELL a; J. BAILEY.

ABROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 3Ql 1909.

Patented Feb. '7, 1911.

. B SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J. W.`L. HARRELL & J. BAILEY.

ABRGPLANB. i l

Patented '-Feb. 7, 19111.

APPLICATION' vFILED JULY 30,1909.

J. W. L. 'HARRELL al BAILEY.

Patena Fab. 731911.

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J. W. L. HARRELL & J. BAILEY.

AEROPLANB.

PPLIUATION FILED JULY so, 1909.

yPatented Feb.y 7, 1911.

s SHEETS-SHEET' a.

J. W. L. HARRELL &'J. BAILEY.

AEROPLANL APPLIOATIN FILED JULY 30, 1909.

Patented Feb. '7, 1911.

8 SHBBTS-SHEET 7.

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J. W. L. HARRELL L J. DILEY.

ABROPLNB.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 80, 1909.

' Patented Feb. 7.1911.

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Q. M* 4 E Y sb UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. A

JOHN W. L.' HARRELL AND JOHN BAILEY, 0F ARGUS, INDIANA.

AEROPLANE.

Specieation of Letters Patent. Application 1ed .Tuly 30, 1909. SerialNo. 510,360.

Patented Feb. 7'-, 1911.

-To all @7mm it may concern:

Be it known that We, .Toi-1N lV. Halb Y RELL and JonN Dinner, citizensof the United States, residing at Argos, county of Marshall, and Stateot' Indiana, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in'Aeroplanes7 of which the followingy is a specification.

Our invention relates to a craft for aerial navigation and morespecifically to that class thereof known as aero-planes.`

The object. of our invention is to provide an aerial craft of thecharacter mentioned.

in which will be provided means for eiecting the elevation and ascensionthereof Withoutnecessitating the attainment of a certain initiaivelocity such as, at the present time in aero-planes of popular design,is requiredbefore ascension may be `accomplished. A

A further object is the provision of an aero-plane asnientioned theplanes in Which Will be comprised of adjustable swinging sectionswhereby the ready balancing and steering of the craftwill befacilitated.

A still further object is to provide a plane which will be of thehighest possible eiiiciency', and which Will'be'strong and durable ofconstruction."

Other ob'jects will appear hereinafter.

With these objects lin 'view our invention consists. in' 'an aero-planecharacterized as above mentioned and incertain details of 'y y ofEig-'1, Fig.'4. is a top plan view of the central Jportion of thedevice, Fig.

is a front elevation of the right half portion of thefdevice, Fig. 6. isa vertical' section taken on the line a e of Fig. 4, Fig. 7. is ahorizontal fragrnental section taken on the line wwf of Fig. G, Fig.'8.is avertical secl tion takensubstantially on the line fb 'v of Fig. l,Fig. 9 is a top plan View thereof, Fig. 10 is a sectional detailillustrating the connection of the side Wings of the device with' thedevice frame, Fig. 1'1 is a section taken on the line u u of Fig. 10,Fig. 12 is a more complete section of the construction shown inFig. 10,Figs. 13 and 14 are enlarged side and end elevations, respectively, ofone -of the mutilated `gears embodied in the construction shown in Fig.12, Fig. 15 is a sectional detail of the 1mb of one ot' the horizontally'disposed screw propellers enibodied in our invention, Fig. 1G is anenlarged sectional detail taken on the line t t of Fig. 9, Fig. 17 is adetail of one of the upper side Wings, F ig. 1S is a section taken onthe line s s of' Fig. 1T, Fig. 19 is a side elevation of one of thesections of the upper sectional plane, Fig. 20 is a side elevation andFig. 2l a bottoni plan of :i rod employed in the construction forconnecting the series of plane sections, Fig. 22 is a detail ot' nconnecting bar employed in operatively connecting two clutches embodied'in the drive gearing of the device, -F ig. 23 is a sectional detail ofone of the clutches mentioned in the descriptign QFig. 22, Fig. 24 is asection taken on the line Tyr of Fig. 23 and Fig. 25 is a detail of apair of meshing gears einbodied in thev drive gearing.

Referring now to the drawings'l indicates the frame of ourdevicecomprised in which 'are upper and lower parallelly extended rectangularframeparts 2-2 the same being rigidlyv connected at various points bvver tically disposed posts 3. Longitudinally lextended in each of theframe parts 2-2, are bars 4. Having their extremities rockingly mountedin bearings 5 secured to andpreteraby equallyspaced apart upon hars 4 ofeach of the frame parts 2-2, `are rods 6 rigidly secured by loops 7, toeach of which, is a depending wing or plane-section S comprised ofalight inner wind proof portion 9,

preferably formed of a suitable fabric, and

'am outer rigid Vframe 10. Each of said wingsis of a Width slightlygreater than the Space between .tivo successive rods (i.

'hence wheny said' Wings are rocked to a snb-l stantially horizontalposition the saine will slightly overlap each other to form one con.-

are alinngr arms 'l'l connected lo the upper extrtunities nl" which is atransversely ex- "tending rod 12 such construction being clearly shownin Fig. il. By such provision it is evident that by a single rockingactuation of the rods 12, the wings of plane-sections of each of theframe parts may be swung to overlapping horizont-al position as beforestated. By n'ieans of bars 13 extending between and having theirrespective ex tremities rigidly secured to the rodsl 12 of the frameparts 2 2. the rocking actuation ot one of said rods .l2 willsimultaneously cause the rocking of the other, hence the two series otthe wings S may be simultaneously actuated. ln order to etfect therocking of the rods 12 as stated a lever 14 is provided, the sainebeingipositioned adjacent to the operators seat 15 which is suitablymounted upon spring straps 1G secured to the frame part 2. The lower endof said lever is bifureated to receive the upper rod 12, the same beingprovided with the. elongated slots 17 which are engaged by pins 16projecting .from said rod 12.- Said lever being pivot ally secured as at19 to a bracket 2O mounted upon and upwardly extended from two of therods 6 of the frame part- 2, it is clear that. the position of the rods12- and hence of the wings S may he readily governed by the rockingactuation of said lever.

Having their inner edges rockingly secured by means of loops to thecross` bars 4 of the frame parts 2-2 are substantially rectangularlyformed wings 2.3-23, 'respectively, of a construction similar to that ofthe wings 8, before described* Rota tively mounted upon each of the bars4 is a mutilated gear 24-Figs. 10-14, rigidly connected by means ofbrackets 25 to the adjacent. edge of the wing 2323 carried by the barupon' which each gear is mounted. Mounted between arms 26 rigidlysecured to and inwardly projecting from eaehiof the bars 4, is amutilated gear 26 meshing with the gear 24. l-Vith such construction itwill be observed, that the adjustment of any of the wings'23-23 may beeffected by the proper rotation of the gear 26.' Connecting the gears 26mounted at the same side of the frame or mounted upon verti.

cally alining bars 4, are rods 27 the latter being so connected withsaid gears, that upon an inward movement thereof from their position asshown, said gears will be rocked so as to simultaneously elevate the wins 23-23 to a horizontal position. Pivotal y secured, 4as at 29, to theupper extremity of a bracket 30 rigidly secured upon a cross member 31mounted upon cross bars 32 centrally traversing the lower frame partscrew propeller 50.

2', are levers 33, the upper extrennti'es of which are positionedadjacent to operators seat, such construction being` clearly shown inFig. (l. l-laring their inner extremities parallelly secured to thelower extremities of the levers 33 and their outer extremities likewisesecuredjcentrally to the rods 27, as clearly shown in Fig. 5 areconnecting links 34 by means of which, it is evident, operativeconnection is established between said levers and the wings .2B-23CArranged at the forward extremity of the iframe 1 is a wing 35 of aconstruction preferably similar to that of the wings 8, the

same being rockingly secured 'to the forward bar of the frame'part, 2 bymeans of lugs 36 rotatively secure-d to and forwardly projecting fromsaid bar, the same embracing a rod37carried by and rigidly secured tolugs 3S formed upon the rearward edge of said wing. Fixed to the rod 37is a sprocket 39 over which and a sprocket. 40 mounted in the beforementioned bracket 2O travels a sprocket chain 41. Rollers 42 and asprocket 43' interposed between said sprockets 39-40 serve as a means ofguidingsaid chain so as to prevent the contacting thereof with t-hewings 8. By means of a crank 44 fixed to the sprocket 40, the angulardisposition of the latter and hence of v gular disposition of said wingwill cause the elevation or lowering, as the ease may be, of the craft.Rotatably mounted upon each Aof the vertical shafts 45 arranged at thefour corners ofthe frame. 1 and held rigid by radially disposed rods 46secured at their outer-extremities to collars 47-48 pinned respectivelyto the upper andlower extremities of each of the said shafts and attheir inner extremities to the curved corner. bars.

49 of the frame, is a horizontally disposed The. outer corners of thewing 23 in order'to accommodate the j latter are cut away as clearlyshown in Fig.

3.l Comprised in each of said propeller screws is a hub 51, and radiallyprojecting from and secured to said hub are aiplurality of rods 52 towhich obliquely disposed blades 1 53 are connected by having theirlongitudinal edges'looped around pairs of said rods, as clea'rly shownin- Fig. 8. I'nelosing each propeller is a cage 54, the samabeing' 1.20'i provided to form a reinforcement or backmg for the propellerblades53rwhen the latter are rotated. Comprised in each cage are two annularmembers 55 formed pre-ferably of angle iron, the same being rigidlyconnected and spaced apart by transversely extending bars 56 the upperend portions of which are bent inwardly and rigidly secured to thecollar 47. Said annular members 55 are oftE such diameter and are sodisposed that rollers 5T. provided upon the outer ends of the. rods ofthe propeller blades will travel upon the under surface of thelongitudinally disposed bars thereof; said blades7V upon rotation1 beingthrough such provision, evidently braced against. upward distortion, itbeing obvious that upon proper rotation of said propeller-s there willbe a tendency to distort the blades thereof in the direction stated.

Mounted upon a plat'orm 5S suitably secured to and positioned upon thecross hars 3Q, is a power motor or any other suitable drivingmeans 59,60 indicating the power shaft thereof, which is journaled in bearingbrackets G1 Gl secured to the hars (i2. Arranged inaxial alinement withthe shaft (i0 `forward and rearward of the latter. are shafts (i2-(33,respertirelyv` the saine being journaled in brackets t3-t-( 5 suitablvcured to the frame parts 32. Fixed to the outer extremity of each oi theshafts Gil-G3 is a beveled gear (S6. .lournaled in bearing- `braclcets67 secured tothe. front and rear bars of the frame Q are thetransversely extended sbafts upon each ot' which is fixed sa beveled`gear 69 meshing with one ot the gears 66. Fixed to either ot' theextremities of each of the shafts GS is a beveled gear 70 'meshing Witha beveled gear 71 formed upon cach of the, propeller hubs 51, as clearlyshown in F ig. 5. XV ith such construction it. is clear, that` uponrotation ot the shafts @Q -6?), rotary movement will also be imparted tothe propeller screws 50.

Splined to the rearward vextremities of .the shafts G2 and (30alresiniilar clutch heads 'f2-72 respectively;adapted, -when movedrearwardlysutliciently. to interlock with coshafts conos.

actingclutch heads I3-T3 fixed respectively to the forward. extremitiesof the Secured` to and upwardly projecting from the clutch head 72through a slotted guide member T5 secured to and rearwardlyprojectingfrom the bracket 30,v is-an actuating stem 76 the upper extremity ofwhich is positioned in close proximity to theop'erator s seat. A rod 'f7secured to and forwardly7 "projecting from the --stem 'Z6 through guides78 formed in the upper eX- tremiti'es otthevlnackets t1--61, andconnected to an arm 7S) secured to the clutch 72, operativelyzconnectsthe 'stem 76 and arm 79'and whereby sinnlltaneous movement of thi`clu'tch'heads TQ-TW'is-etfected. W'ith such cr. \nstruction, upon arearward Ashifting of, thestem 76 from the osition thereof shownin` Fig.3 the co-act1`ng clutch "heads will evidently be brought to interlockof# tecting an (wierative, driving connection he.- tweenutl'ie powershaft (50 and the shafts SQ-(S3. In such event a driving connectionbetween the power shaft and the propeller screws 50 will evidently beeffected; oppositely positioned ones of the latter being, with suchconstruction, and as indicated by arrows.y driven in oppositedirectioii, \\l1ereby perfect .equilibrium of the laterally ac t ingforces incident to the rotation of said screws will be maintained.

Mounted upon a horizontal platform Si) supported upon the rear bar ofthe lower traine part 2 and by cables or other suitable members 81secured at their upper extremities to the rear bar of the frame part- 2,are bearing brackets jonrnaled in which is ashaft 83 upon which iscarried a vertically disposed screw propeller 84 of a constructionsimilar to that ot' the propeller screws 50 before described. Annularmembers 85 encircling .said screw and riffidly shaft 88 operativelyconnected by gears' `8th-S9 with the power shaft 60. Splined to therearward end of said shaft is a clutch head 90 slidably operated bymeans of .an

actuating stem 91 secured to and upwardly projectingr from said headthrough a slotted guide 91 rearward projecting from'4 the bracket 30 to4a position adjacent of-operators seat. Fixed to the forward end of theshaft 83 is a clutch head 92 of a form adapting the same to coperatewith the head 90. .Vith such construction, the operative connection ofthe propeller screw 84 and the power shaft t3() may be readily andquickly effected by a simple rearward shifting-of the stem 91.

In the operation of the'device describedh the aeronaut being positionedin the operators seatl and thefmotorbeing assumed to be running, upondesiring to make an ascension the wings dropped to depending orvertically disposed position so as to ,otferless resistance when thedevice is rising, whereupon the propeller screws 50,-bythe Shiftingactuation of the clutch stem 76 are 'thrown in operation. Said screws,upon a requisite rotaryr'fspeed being attained thereby, cause-theelevation of the device. Upon adesired altitude be ing reachedvthe-wings or plane sections 8 and 223-23', t,by means of the lever lare rocked upwardly to horizontc I "osi "ioni "forming in such positiontwo parallelly disposed planes supported in the frame parts 2--". Uponso doing the propeller 84:, by the rearward shift-ing of the stem 91, isthrown into operation and the Propellers 50, by the return shifting oft-he stem 76, thrown out ot operation, in which event the craft it willbe tound will glidel gracefully and swiftly through the air buoyed up bythe parallel planes before mentioned. By means of the wing 35 actuatedfrom the operators seat by means of the crank L1:4,the altitude ot' thecraft in its movement through the air, may lie accurately governed. Thelateral steering ol thedevice may be effected by the shifting of theweight ot'- t-hc operator in the device, or by an ordinary verticallivdisposed rudder blade 93 of suitable dimensions, hung upon pivotal lugs95 cured to the platform 80 and the rear cage member 85, and operablefrom the operv ators scat by means of flexible cords 9G traveling aroundpulleys 97. -v

-By the provision of sectional planes as mentioned with the wings or'sections 23423- thereof at opposite' sides of the'machine independentlyoperable as described the ready balancing of the device, when inoperation` will be greatly facilitated.

vframe, and each comprising .a plura In order to permit of thearrangement ol the different shafts, levers, and actuating stems asdescribed, it is necessary, as illustrated in Fig. 19 to eut awayportions of a number of the wings or plane sections 8 lat dilierentplaces therein.

lVhile we have shown what We deem to be the preferable form of ourdevice we do not wish to be limited thereto as there might be various'changes made in the details of construction and the" arrangement ofparts without departing from the spirit of the invention comprehendedwithin the scope ot the appended claims.

Having described our invention what we claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is:

1. An aeroplane comprising a frame, parallel horizontal planes supportedsaid it o sections'adapted to swing on parallel zilfxes, and of greaterlength than the distances between said axes, upwardly extendingarms.

on said sections, horizontal rods connecting all of said arms of eachconnecting said rods forming frames, a plurality of vhorizontallydisposed propeller' screws and a. vertically disposed propellerscrew-fald`means for throwing said'horiz'ontally disposed an saidvertically dis- ,awed screws into and out' otoperationl independently ofeach other and-means for moving said frames to swin said .planesections, substantiallyas described? 1' 2.A An aero-plane, comprising asubstanplane, lbars' rigidly radially arranged incline tiallyrectangular. frame, paral lellyl disposed 'planes horizontally supportedin said frame,

each of said planes comprising a series of swinging transverse sections,and a swingcally disposed propeller screw arranged at` the rearward endof said frame, a driving motor arranged in said frame, operativeconnections betweenqsaid motor and said screws, clutches interposed insaid connections whereby said horizontally disposed screws and saidvertically disposed screw may be independently driven, a horizontallydisposed rudder movable in a vertical plane arranged at the forward endof said traine, a. vertically disposed rudder movable ina horizontalplane arranged at the rearward end of said frame, substantially asdescribed.

3. .In an aero-plane the combination of a 'substantially rectangularframe, substantially parallelly disposed horizontal planes supported insaid frame, each of said planes comprising a series of swingingtransverse sections and a swinging longitudinally extending sectionarranged at either of the extremities of said series ot transversesections, means for adjusting the angular disposition of said sections,horizontally dis.

posed propeller screws mounted 'one at each corner of "said frame, avertically disposed propeller screw arranged at the rearward end of saidframe, la power motor mounted in said frame, a .shaft and gearconnection between Said motor and said screws, clutches interposed insaid connections whereby said horizontally disposed screws and saidvertically disposed screw may be independently driven, and rudder bladesarranged at the forward andl rearward end s' of said franie forvertically and horizontally steering substantially as described.

4. In an aero-plane, the combination of a substantially rectangularlskeleton frame, parallelly disposed sectional planes horizontallysupported in said frame, a system of levers for adjusting the angulardisposition of the sections of said plane, horizontallydisposedvpropeller screws, arranged in said frame, one being mounted ateach corner thereof, vertically disposed propeller screw` mounted at therearward end of saidirame,

each of said propeller screws both vertical and horizontal comprisin aplurality of blades, stationary annular members for bracing said bladeswhen iuv opration, driving moans mounted in said frame, operativesonnet-,laats bot-weon i said driving means and Said screws wbproby attho rearward end'o" said framu, and

4xnuanr f0.1' adjusting d10, angular disposition of said bladv,substantially as dcst'z'ribod.

In testimony wing-root wo have. signed our naines to this sioolioationin {lit-,prossimo ol' V;.- two subscribing wilncsss.

Joux W. L. nluiinctn JOHN nanny.

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